Mostrando las entradas con la etiqueta Μυθολογία. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando las entradas con la etiqueta Μυθολογία. Mostrar todas las entradas

lunes, 16 de diciembre de 2013

Нотович, Николай Александрович



Uploaded on Jul 3, 2011

Documentary produced by the government of India showing how that Jesus came to India for lessons and to teach Dharma.



Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Notovič, known as Nicolas Notovitch (born 1858) was a Russian aristocrat, Cossack officer, spy[1][2] and journalist. Notovitch is known for his 1887 book claiming that during his unknown years, Jesus left Galilee for India and studied with Buddhists and Hindus there before returning to Judea.[3][4] Notovitch's claim was based on a document he said he had seen at the Hemis Monastery while he stayed there, but later confessed to having fabricated his evidence.[5][6] Modern scholars view Notovitch's accounts of the travels of Jesus to India a hoax which includes major inconsistencies.[6][7] Notovitch also wrote some political books on the role of Russia in war.

Notovitch claimed that he broke his leg in India and while recovering from it at the Hemis monastery in Ladakh, he learned of the "Life of Saint Issa, Best of the Sons of Men" - Isa being the Arabic name of Jesus in Islam. Notovitch's story, with the text of the "Life," was published in French in 1894 as La vie inconnue de Jesus Christ. It was translated into English,[10] German, Spanish, and Italian.

Notovitch claimed that the chief lama at Hemis told him of the existence of the work, which was read to him, through an interpreter, the somewhat detached verses of the Tibetan version of the "Life of Issa," which was said to have been translated from the Pali. Notovitch says that he himself afterward grouped the verses "in accordance with the requirements of the narrative." As published by Notovitch, the work consists of 244 short paragraphs, arranged in fourteen chapters. The otherwise undocumented name "Issa" resembles the Arabic name Isa (عيسى), used in the Koran to refer to Jesus and the Sanskrit "īśa", the Lord.

The "Life of Issa" begins with an account of Israel in Egypt, its deliverance by Moses, its neglect of religion, and its conquest by the Romans. Then follows an account of the Incarnation. At the age of thirteen the divine youth, rather than take a wife, leaves his home to wander with a caravan of merchants to India (Sindh), to study the laws of the great Buddhas. Issa is welcomed by the Jains, but leaves them to spend time among the Buddhists, and spends six years among them, learning Pali and mastering their religious texts. Issa spent six years studying and teaching at Jaganath, Rajagriha, and other holy cities. At twenty-nine, Issa returns to his own country and begins to preach. He visits Jerusalem, where Pilate is apprehensive about him. The Jewish leaders, however, are also apprehensive about his teachings yet he continues his work for three years. He is finally arrested and put to death for blasphemy, for claiming to be the son of God. His followers are persecuted, but his disciples carry his message to the world.

Notovitch's book gained significant controversy as soon as it was published - historian Max Müller expressed incredulity at the accounts presented and suggested that either Notovitch was the victim of a practical joke, or had fabricated the evidence.[11][12] Müller said: "Taking it for granted that M. Notovitch is a gentleman and not a liar, we cannot help thinking that the Buddhist monks of Ladakh and Tibet must be wags, who enjoy mystifying inquisitive travelers, and that M. Notovitch fell far too easy a victim to their jokes."[5]
Hemis monastery, Ladakh in 1949
 
Muller then wrote to the head lama at Hemis monastery to ask about the document and Notovitch's story and the head lama replied that there had been no Western visitor at the monastery in the past fifteen years, during which he had been the lama there, and there were no documents related to Notovitch's story.[5][13] Other European scholars also opposed Notovitch's account and Indologist Leopold von Schroeder called Notovitch's story a "big fat lie".[5]
J. Archibald Douglas who was a professor of English and History at the Government College in Agra India then visited the Hemis monastery to interview the head lama who had corresponded with Müller and the lama again stated that Notovitch had never been there and no such documents existed.[13] Wilhelm Schneemelcher states that Notovich's accounts were soon exposed as fabrications, and that to date no one has even had a glimpse at the manuscripts Notovitch claims to have had.[6] Notovich at first responded to claims to defend himself.[14] But once his story had been re-examined by historians, Notovitch confessed to having fabricated the evidence.[5]

Although Notovitch had been discredited in Europe, Swami Abhedananda wrote a book called Journey to Kashmir and Tibet in which he stated that had visited Hemis and seen a document similar to the one Notovitch had mentioned, and produced a Bengali translation of parts of it.[15] But after Abhedananda's death, one of his disciple admitted that when he went to the monsatery to ask about the documents he was told that they had disappeared.[15]

Bart D. Ehrman, a Bible scholar and historian famous for his best sellers, says that "Today there is not a single recognized scholar on the planet who has any doubts about the matter. The entire story was invented by Notovitch, who earned a good deal of money and a substantial amount of notoriety for his hoax."



Николай (Шулим) Александрович Нотович (1858 — ?) — российский разведчик, писатель, журналист, дворянин и казак-офицер. Известен написанной по-французски книгой «Неизвестная жизнь Иисуса Христа» (более известной как «Тибетское Евангелие»), якобы содержащей ранние проповеди Иисуса и предполагающей, что Иисус от 12 до 30 лет жил в Индии.

martes, 3 de diciembre de 2013

Alan Watts - Myth and Religion



Published on Mar 20, 2013
This lecture contains 2 parts:
Part 1 "Not What Should Be, Not What Might Be, But What Is": 0:00 - 52:56
Part 2 "On Being God: 53:00 - end

Picture "The lost Hindu temple in the jungle mist":
http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckinc...

viernes, 15 de noviembre de 2013

முதற்சங்க பருவம்

The First Cankam period (Tamil: முதற்சங்க பருவம், Mutaṟcanka paruvam ?) or Head Cankam period (Tamil: தலைச்சங்க பருவம், Talaiccanka paruvam ?) was a legendary period in the history of Ancient Tamilakam said to be the foremost of Tamil Sangams, known in the Tamil language as கூடல் (kooṭal) or 'gathering'. It is the first of three Tamil Sangams of Classical Tamil literature. While most historians accept that there is little historicity in this, they do accept that some literary academies would have held Pandyan patronage.[1] This is not to be confused with the historical Third Cankam period which lasted roughly from 600 BC to 300 AD.

It was allegedly held in Old Madurai under the patronage of 89 Pandya kings,[2][3] who were called Maravar[citation needed] during this period. The city was then called (Tamil: கூடல், kooṭal ?) reflecting the site of the Tamil Sangam[4] and (Tamil: திருவாலவாய், Tiruvālavāi ?) which literally means 'Holy mouth of poison' referring to the tightly coiled city boundaries.[5] It is meant to have lasted for 4,440 years, which, if true, would put the First Cankam between 9600 BC to 5200 BC.[6]
Some are of the opinion that Agattiyar was the head of the Talaiccankam, however, this is unlikely as the first mention of him is from Ptolemy and no Sangam work refers to him.[7] A more likely proposition is Shiva being the head of the First Cankam as believed by others.[8] சிவன் (civan) in Tamil means 'the red one'.[9]

sábado, 17 de agosto de 2013

Ορφικά





Orphism (more rarely Orphicism) (Ancient Greek: Ὀρφικά) is the name given to a set of religious[1] beliefs and practices originating in the ancient Greek and the Hellenistic world,[2][3][4][5] as well as by the Thracians,[6] associated with literature ascribed to the mythical poet Orpheus, who descended into Hades and returned. Orphics also revered Persephone (who annually descended into Hades for a season and then returned) and Dionysus or Bacchus (who also descended into Hades and returned). Orpheus was said to have invented the Mysteries of Dionysus.[7] Poetry containing distinctly Orphic beliefs has been traced back to the 6th century BC[8] or at least 5th century BC, and graffiti of the 5th century BC apparently refers to "Orphics".[9]
Classical sources, such as Plato, refer to "Orpheus-initiators" (Ὀρφεοτελεσταί), and associated rites, although how far "Orphic" literature in general related to these rites is not certain.[10] As in the Eleusinian mysteries, initiation into Orphic mysteries promised advantages in the afterlife.

The main elements of Orphism differed from popular ancient Greek religion in the following ways:
  • by characterizing human souls as divine and immortal but doomed to live (for a period) in a "grievous circle" of successive bodily lives through metempsychosis or the transmigration of souls.
  • by prescribing an ascetic way of life which, together with secret initiation rites, was supposed to guarantee not only eventual release from the "grievous circle" but also communion with god(s).
  • by warning of postmortem punishment for certain transgressions committed during life.
  • by being founded upon sacred writings about the origin of gods and human beings.
Compare with Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Gnosticism.

The Orphic theogonies are genealogical works similar to the Theogony of Hesiod, but the details are different. They are possibly influenced by Near Eastern models. The main story is this: Dionysus (in his incarnation as Zagreus) is the son of Zeus and Persephone; Zeus gives his inheritance of the throne to the child, as Zeus is to leave due to Hera's anger over a child being born by another mother; Titans are enraged over the proclamation of attendance and under Hera's instigation decide to murder the child, Dionysus is then tricked with a mirror and children's toys by the Titans who murder and consume him. Athena saves the heart and tells Zeus of the crime who in turn hurls a thunderbolt on the Titans. The resulting soot, from which sinful mankind is born, contain the bodies of the Titans and Dionysus. The soul of man (Dionysus factor) is therefore divine, but the body (Titan factor) holds the soul in bondage. Thus it was declared that the soul returns to a host ten times, bound to the wheel of rebirth.
There are two Orphic stories of the rebirth of Dionysus, in one of which it is the heart of Dionysus that is implanted into the thigh of Zeus; the other where he has impregnated the mortal woman Semele resulting in Dionysus's literal rebirth. Many of these details differ from accounts in the classical authors. Firmicus Maternus, a Christian author, gives a different account with the book "On the Error of Profane Religions". He says that Jupiter (Zeus) originally was a (mortal) king of Crete, and Dionysos was his son. Dionysos was murdered, and cannibalized. Only his heart was salvaged by Athena. A statue of gypsum (the same substance the Titans used to disguise themselves) was then made to look like Dionysos and the heart is placed within.[12]
  • The "Protogonos Theogony", lost, composed c. 500 BC which is known through the commentary in the Derveni papyrus and references in classical authors (Empedocles and Pindar).
  • The "Eudemian Theogony", lost, composed in the 5th century BC. It is the product of a syncretic Bacchic-Kouretic cult.
  • The "Rhapsodic Theogony", lost, composed in the Hellenistic age, incorporating earlier works. It is known through summaries in later neo-Platonist authors.
  • Orphic hymns. 87 hexametric poems of a shorter length composed in the late Hellenistic or early Roman Imperial age.